Knee replacement surgery, medically known as total knee arthroplasty, is a transformative orthopedic procedure designed to alleviate chronic pain and restore functional mobility. When conservative treatments—such as medications, physical therapy, and joint injections—no longer provide relief, this surgery often becomes the most effective path toward reclaiming an active life.
Why is it Performed?
The primary reason for a
knee replacement is the deterioration of the joint's protective cartilage. Without this cushioning, bones rub directly against each other, causing inflammation, swelling, and debilitating stiffness. The most common conditions include:
Osteoarthritis: The "wear-and-tear" of the joint typically associated with aging.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disease that causes the joint lining to become thick and inflamed, eventually destroying cartilage.
Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Damage resulting from a severe knee injury, such as a complex fracture or ligament tear.
The Surgical Process: Precision Resurfacing
It is a common misconception that the entire knee is removed. In reality, the procedure focuses on resurfacing the damaged ends of the bones with biocompatible materials.
Bone Preparation: The surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and a small amount of underlying bone from the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone).
Implant Placement: Precision-engineered metal components are secured to the bone surfaces to recreate the joint.
Spacer Insertion: A high-grade medical plastic spacer is placed between the metal parts, allowing for a smooth, low-friction gliding motion that mimics natural movement.
Recovery and Success
Recovery begins almost immediately; many patients are encouraged to stand or walk with assistance within 24 hours of surgery. Physical therapy is the cornerstone of a successful outcome, helping to strengthen the surrounding muscles and regain a full range of motion.
With modern advancements and robotic-assisted precision, over 90% of knee replacements last upwards of 15 to 20 years. For the vast majority of patients, the procedure results in a significant return to daily activities like walking, cycling, and gardening, finally free from the shadow of chronic pain.
Restoring Motion: A Comprehensive Guide to Knee Replacement
